Ammonia Toxicity

Ammonia comes in two forms Ammonium (NH₄⁺) which isn't toxic and ammonia (NH₃) which is toxic. Both pH and water temperature affect how much of the toxic form of ammonia is present in your water. Higher pH and higher temp result in a higher proportion of the total ammonia being present in its toxic form (NH₃). pH has the largest effect on ammonia toxicity. So if you have low pH and low temps, higher total ammonia can be present without it being as toxic as at higher pH and temps.

The tables below will allow you to determine the toxic ammonia levels in your tank. For tests done on salmonids, half the salmonids tested died with exposure to .03ppm NH₃ ( 1 2 3 ). To my knowledge, we have no hard numbers for goldfish, but my fancy goldfish lived through around .03ppm for several weeks without adverse effects. NH₃ levels in the following tables were calculated using the formula NH₃=(Total Ammonia)/(1+10^[(0.0902-pH) + (2730/(273.2 + Temperature))]).

Nessler ammonia tests will not give you accurate readings for total unbound ammonia if you are using ammonia detoxifier/binders. If you are currently using an ammonia detoxifier/binder that gives accurate total unbound ammonia readings on a salicylate ammonia test, the numbers below are valid. Some examples of water conditioner that give accurate readings with a salicylate ammonia test are Amquel, Novaqua, Prime and Aquasafe. I'll add more to the list as I find information on them. Some ammonia binders may not give accurate readings even when using a salicylate ammonia test.

If your NH₃ level is at or above .03, it is critical that you use partial water changes and/or an ammonia detoxifer to bring it down to safer levels. Until your biofilter bacteria get up to speed, daily testing of ammonia and nitrItes combined with partial water changes and/or binders are essential to keeping your fish healthy. Ammonia binders don't remove ammonia, they just bind it into a less toxic form that is still available for the biofilter bacteria to consume. Note some ammonia binders will crash your pH if you water is low in buffering capacity (KH), so you will need to monitor KH/pH and use baking soda to keep pH from crashing (falling below 6).

Table Key

Toxic Ammonia (NH3) nearing danger zone.

Danger Zone: Toxic Ammonia (NH3) at .03ppm or higher.

Select your total ammonia level:

• .25ppm
• .5ppm
• 1ppm
• 2ppm
• 3ppm
• 4ppm
• 5ppm
• 6ppm
• 7ppm
• 8ppm

For: Total Ammonia = .25ppm
Find the temperature of your tank in the first or last column of the table. Then follow that row across the table until you come to the column that reflects your pH. That value is the toxic NH₃ level in your tank, in ppm.

Temp (F)	pH																					Temp (C)
	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5
60	.000	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.013	.017	.021	15.6
61	.000	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	16.1
62	.000	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.009	.012	.015	.018	.022	16.7
63	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.023	17.2
64	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.024	17.8
65	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.016	.020	.025	18.3
66	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.026	18.9
67	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.027	19.4
68	.000	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.018	.023	.028	20.0
69	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.029	20.6
70	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.024	.030	21.1
71	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.013	.017	.021	.025	.031	21.7
72	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.026	.032	22.2
73	.000	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.022	.027	.033	22.8
74	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.023	.028	.034	23.3
75	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.016	.019	.024	.029	.036	23.9
76	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.030	.037	24.4
77	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.013	.017	.021	.025	.031	.038	25.0
78	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.026	.032	.039	25.6
79	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.022	.027	.033	.041	26.1
80	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.023	.028	.035	.042	26.7
81	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.019	.024	.029	.036	.043	27.2
82	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.030	.037	.045	27.8
83	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.031	.038	.046	28.3
84	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.026	.032	.039	.048	28.9
85	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.022	.027	.033	.041	.049	29.4
Temp (F)	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5	Temp (C)
	pH

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For: Total Ammonia = .5ppm
Find the temperature of your tank in the first or last column of the table. Then follow that row across the table until you come to the column that reflects your pH. That value is the toxic NH₃ level in your tank, in ppm.

Temp (F)	pH																					Temp (C)
	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5
60	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.033	.041	15.6
61	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.023	.028	.035	.043	16.1
62	.000	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.036	.045	16.7
63	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.024	.030	.038	.046	17.2
64	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.032	.039	.048	17.8
65	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.026	.033	.041	.050	18.3
66	.001	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.027	.034	.042	.052	18.9
67	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.028	.035	.044	.054	19.4
68	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.045	.056	20.0
69	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.038	.047	.058	20.6
70	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.032	.040	.049	.060	21.1
71	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.027	.033	.041	.051	.062	21.7
72	.001	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.034	.043	.052	.064	22.2
73	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.009	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.036	.044	.054	.067	22.8
74	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.046	.056	.069	23.3
75	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.038	.047	.058	.071	23.9
76	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.032	.040	.049	.060	.074	24.4
77	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.033	.041	.051	.062	.076	25.0
78	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.043	.053	.065	.079	25.6
79	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.036	.044	.055	.067	.081	26.1
80	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.016	.019	.024	.030	.037	.046	.057	.069	.084	26.7
81	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.048	.059	.072	.087	27.2
82	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.032	.040	.049	.061	.074	.090	27.8
83	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.033	.041	.051	.063	.076	.093	28.3
84	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.043	.053	.065	.079	.095	28.9
85	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.036	.044	.055	.067	.081	.098	29.4
Temp (F)	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5	Temp (C)
	pH

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For: Total Ammonia = 1ppm
Find the temperature of your tank in the first or last column of the table. Then follow that row across the table until you come to the column that reflects your pH. That value is the toxic NH₃ level in your tank, in ppm.

Temp (F)	pH																					Temp (C)
	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5
60	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.043	.054	.067	.083	15.6
61	.001	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.029	.036	.045	.056	.070	.086	16.1
62	.001	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.038	.047	.058	.072	.089	16.7
63	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.049	.061	.075	.093	17.2
64	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.033	.041	.051	.063	.078	.096	17.8
65	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.034	.042	.053	.065	.081	.100	18.3
66	.001	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.023	.028	.035	.044	.055	.068	.084	.104	18.9
67	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.009	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.037	.046	.057	.071	.087	.108	19.4
68	.001	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.016	.020	.024	.031	.038	.048	.059	.073	.091	.112	20.0
69	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.032	.040	.049	.061	.076	.094	.116	20.6
70	.001	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.033	.041	.051	.064	.079	.098	.120	21.1
71	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.027	.034	.043	.053	.066	.082	.101	.124	21.7
72	.001	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.029	.036	.045	.055	.069	.085	.105	.129	22.2
73	.002	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.046	.058	.071	.088	.109	.133	22.8
74	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.048	.060	.074	.092	.113	.138	23.3
75	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.026	.032	.040	.050	.062	.077	.095	.117	.143	23.9
76	.002	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.027	.033	.042	.052	.064	.080	.098	.121	.147	24.4
77	.002	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.043	.054	.067	.083	.102	.125	.152	25.0
78	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.029	.036	.045	.056	.069	.086	.106	.129	.158	25.6
79	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.047	.058	.072	.089	.109	.134	.163	26.1
80	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.048	.060	.074	.092	.113	.138	.168	26.7
81	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.021	.026	.032	.040	.050	.062	.077	.095	.117	.143	.174	27.2
82	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.027	.033	.042	.052	.065	.080	.099	.121	.148	.179	27.8
83	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.043	.054	.067	.083	.102	.125	.153	.185	28.3
84	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.029	.036	.045	.056	.069	.086	.106	.130	.158	.191	28.9
85	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.047	.058	.072	.089	.109	.134	.163	.197	29.4
Temp (F)	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5	Temp (C)
	pH

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For: Total Ammonia = 2ppm
Find the temperature of your tank in the first or last column of the table. Then follow that row across the table until you come to the column that reflects your pH. That value is the toxic NH₃ level in your tank, in ppm.

Temp (F)	pH																					Temp (C)
	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5
60	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.044	.055	.069	.087	.108	.134	.166	15.6
61	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.037	.046	.058	.072	.090	.112	.139	.172	16.1
62	.002	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.031	.038	.048	.060	.075	.094	.117	.145	.179	16.7
63	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.032	.040	.050	.063	.078	.098	.121	.150	.186	17.2
64	.002	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.033	.042	.052	.065	.081	.101	.126	.156	.193	17.8
65	.002	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.028	.035	.043	.054	.068	.085	.105	.131	.162	.200	18.3
66	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.014	.018	.023	.029	.036	.045	.056	.071	.088	.110	.136	.168	.207	18.9
67	.002	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.047	.059	.073	.092	.114	.141	.175	.215	19.4
68	.003	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.049	.061	.076	.095	.118	.147	.181	.223	20.0
69	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.016	.021	.026	.032	.041	.051	.064	.079	.099	.123	.152	.188	.231	20.6
70	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.027	.034	.042	.053	.066	.083	.103	.128	.158	.195	.240	21.1
71	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.044	.055	.069	.086	.107	.133	.164	.202	.248	21.7
72	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.029	.036	.046	.057	.071	.089	.111	.138	.170	.210	.257	22.2
73	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.038	.048	.059	.074	.093	.115	.143	.177	.217	.266	22.8
74	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.049	.062	.077	.096	.120	.148	.183	.225	.275	23.3
75	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.017	.021	.026	.033	.041	.051	.064	.080	.100	.124	.154	.190	.233	.285	23.9
76	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.034	.043	.053	.067	.083	.104	.129	.159	.197	.242	.295	24.4
77	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.044	.055	.069	.086	.108	.134	.165	.204	.250	.305	25.0
78	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.037	.046	.058	.072	.090	.112	.139	.171	.211	.259	.315	25.6
79	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.038	.048	.060	.075	.093	.116	.144	.178	.219	.268	.326	26.1
80	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.032	.040	.050	.062	.078	.097	.120	.149	.184	.226	.277	.336	26.7
81	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.017	.021	.026	.033	.041	.052	.064	.080	.100	.125	.154	.191	.234	.286	.347	27.2
82	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.034	.043	.054	.067	.084	.104	.129	.160	.197	.242	.296	.359	27.8
83	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.023	.028	.035	.044	.056	.069	.087	.108	.134	.166	.204	.251	.306	.370	28.3
84	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.019	.023	.029	.037	.046	.058	.072	.090	.112	.139	.172	.211	.259	.316	.382	28.9
85	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.038	.048	.060	.075	.093	.116	.144	.178	.219	.268	.326	.394	29.4
Temp (F)	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5	Temp (C)
	pH

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For: Total Ammonia = 3ppm
Find the temperature of your tank in the first or last column of the table. Then follow that row across the table until you come to the column that reflects your pH. That value is the toxic NH₃ level in your tank, in ppm.

Temp (F)	pH																					Temp (C)
	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.9	8.0	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.5
60	.003	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.021	.027	.034	.042	.053	.067	.083	.104	.130	.162	.201	.248	15.6
61	.003	.004	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.044	.055	.069	.087	.108	.135	.168	.209	.258	16.1
62	.003	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.018	.023	.029	.037	.046	.058	.072	.090	.113	.141	.175	.217	.268	16.7
63	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.038	.048	.060	.075	.094	.117	.146	.182	.225	.278	17.2
64	.003	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.025	.032	.040	.050	.062	.078	.098	.122	.152	.189	.234	.289	17.8
65	.003	.004	.005	.007	.008	.010	.013	.017	.021	.026	.033	.041	.052	.065	.081	.102	.127	.158	.196	.243	.300	18.3
66	.003	.004	.005	.007	.009	.011	.014	.017	.022	.027	.034	.043	.054	.068	.085	.106	.132	.164	.204	.253	.311	18.9
67	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.023	.028	.036	.045	.056	.070	.088	.110	.137	.171	.212	.262	.323	19.4
68	.004	.005	.006	.007	.009	.012	.015	.019	.024	.030	.037	.047	.059	.073	.092	.115	.143	.178	.220	.272	.335	20.0
69	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.012	.016	.020	.025	.031	.039	.049	.061	.076	.095	.119	.148	.184	.229	.282	.347	20.6
70	.004	.005	.006	.008	.010	.013	.016	.020	.026	.032	.040	.051	.063	.079	.099	.124	.154	.192	.237	.293	.359	21.1
71	.004	.005	.007	.008	.011	.013	.017	.021	.027	.033	.042	.053	.066	.082	.103	.129	.160	.199	.246	.304	.372	21.7
72	.004	.006	.007	.009	.011	.014	.018	.022	.028	.035	.044	.055	.069	.086	.107	.134	.166	.207	.255	.315	.386	22.2