Are there racial differences in scores on the Resiliency Attitudes Scale?
The sample for these analyses are female clients at a residential
chemical dependency treatment center for women and their kids. To be included
in the analyses, the client has to have taken the RAS twice--once at admission
and once at 6 months treatment. Thirty-five percent of clients in this
sample were of African American descent (49 cllients), 33% of clients were
of Native American Descent (46 clients) and 30% were of caucasion descent.
Two percent were of other descent (3 clients) and were excluded from the analyses.
Nineteen of the 24 scales were not significantly different between the racial groupings.
- Insight (The mental habit of asking searching questions and giving honest answers)
- There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on Insight scores or on
it's component skills scales: Sensing, Knowing and Understanding.
- Independence (The right to safe boundaries between yourself and significant others)
- Women of African American descent (mean = 63.2% of possible) scored significantly
higher than did caucasion women (mean = 54.3% of possible) on the Separating component
of the Independence Scale. This would mean that African American women in the program
perceive themselves to be better at separating from bad relationships than do white women
in the sample. The group differences were not large enough to reach statistical significance
on the Distancing component (avoiding letting existing relationships jerk one around
emotionally) or on the Independence Subscale score.
- Relationships (Developing and maintaining intimate and fulfilling ties to other
people)
- There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on Relationships scores or on
it's component skills scales: Sensing, Knowing and Understanding.
- Initiative (Determination to master oneself and one's environment)
- There were no differences between the groups on Initiative scores or on
it's component skills scales: Sensing, Knowing and Understanding.
- Creativity (Safe harbors of the imagination where you can take refuge and
rearrange the details of your life to your own pleasing)
- Women of white descent scored higher then Native American women on the Using
Humor to diffuse potentially explosive situations skills scale. This
would mean that women of caucasian descent perceive themselves to be better at using
humor to diffuse potentially sticky situations then do Native American women.
There were no differences between the groups on the other two Creativity
component skills: Creative/Divergent thinking, and Creating to express feelings scales.
However since those two skills scales were just above statistical significance, the
Creativity Scale score did reach statistical significance--Women of white descent
scored higher then Native American women on the Creativity Scale.
- Morality (Knowing what is right and wrong and being willing to stand up for those beliefs + liking to help others)
- Women of Africen American descent scored higher then Native American women on the
Judging skills component of the Morality Scale. This would mean that
Women of African American descent perceive
themselves to be better at knowing what's right and wrong and standing up for those
beliefs than do women of Native American Descent in our sample. This effect also held for the Morality Scale scores.
There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on Serving (liking to help others) skills score.
- General Resiliency (Persistance in working through difficulties and flexibility
in problem solving)
- There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on General Resiliency scores or on
it's component skills scales: Persistance and Flexibility.
- Total Resiliency Score
- The groups were not statistically different in their Resiliency Attitude Scale scores.
|
Resiliency Scores by Client Race |
|
|
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
|
|
|
|
|
African American |
Native American |
White |
African American |
Native American |
White |
df |
F |
p |
|
Insight |
60.2 |
60.1 |
61.0 |
8.3 |
7.8 |
8.5 |
2, 134 |
0.18 |
0.84 |
| |
Sensing |
56.3 |
57.6 |
56.2 |
11.2 |
12.9 |
14.0 |
2, 134 |
0.17 |
0.84 |
| |
Knowing |
60.8 |
59.1 |
58.1 |
15.2 |
17.4 |
14.6 |
2, 134 |
0.35 |
0.71 |
| |
Understanding |
64.6 |
64.5 |
70.5 |
17.0 |
13.3 |
10.5 |
2, 134 |
2.59 |
0.08 |
|
Independence |
62.0 |
59.2 |
57.1 |
8.1 |
11.0 |
10.7 |
2, 134 |
2.87 |
0.06 |
| |
Separating |
*63.2 |
57.4 |
*54.3 |
13.8 |
17.1 |
16.3 |
2, 134 |
3.78 |
0.03 |
| |
Distancing |
61.3 |
60.4 |
59.0 |
8.7 |
10.5 |
10.3 |
2, 134 |
0.65 |
0.52 |
|
Relationships |
58.1 |
54.5 |
54.0 |
6.9 |
9.2 |
9.3 |
2, 129 |
3.24 |
0.04 |
| |
Recruiting |
56.6 |
53.8 |
53.5 |
8.4 |
10.4 |
10.2 |
2, 134 |
1.51 |
0.22 |
| |
Attaching |
60.1 |
55.7 |
54.3 |
10.6 |
15.2 |
13.4 |
2, 129 |
2.40 |
0.09 |
|
Initiative |
62.2 |
61.1 |
61.3 |
9.1 |
10.6 |
10.6 |
2, 129 |
0.15 |
0.86 |
| |
Problem Solving |
61.7 |
63.6 |
63.2 |
11.0 |
11.1 |
10.2 |
2, 126 |
0.38 |
0.69 |
| |
Generating |
62.9 |
59.0 |
59.3 |
13.0 |
12.7 |
14.5 |
2, 129 |
1.18 |
0.31 |
|
Creativity |
64.9 |
*62.6 |
*67.6 |
8.8 |
8.9 |
10.6 |
2, 128 |
3.00 |
0.06 |
| |
Creative Thinking |
67.4 |
64.3 |
67.4 |
12.8 |
10.2 |
12.8 |
2, 128 |
1.01 |
0.37 |
| |
Creating to express feelings |
70.0 |
68.4 |
73.3 |
14.8 |
14.2 |
13.2 |
2, 128 |
1.31 |
0.27 |
| |
Humor |
56.4 |
*54.7 |
*62.0 |
12.6 |
14.7 |
15.3 |
2, 128 |
3.05 |
0.05 |
|
Morality |
*65.2 |
*60.1 |
63.0 |
8.6 |
8.7 |
7.5 |
2, 128 |
4.35 |
0.01 |
| |
Judging |
*62.6 |
*56.7 |
59.8 |
10.0 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
2, 128 |
4.57 |
0.01 |
| |
Serving |
73.6 |
68.4 |
71.4 |
14.6 |
13.2 |
9.9 |
2, 128 |
1.84 |
0.16 |
|
General Resiliency |
75.7 |
73.7 |
71.9 |
9.6 |
11.8 |
10.8 |
2, 128 |
1.38 |
0.26 |
| |
Persistance |
77.0 |
76.2 |
73.1 |
12.8 |
14.4 |
13.5 |
2, 128 |
0.94 |
0.39 |
| |
Flexibility |
74.5 |
71.2 |
70.7 |
10.3 |
11.7 |
11.0 |
2, 128 |
1.60 |
0.21 |
|
Total Resiliency |
63.8 |
61.6 |
61.7 |
5.2 |
6.5 |
6.9 |
2, 134 |
1.88 |
0.16 |
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